Large volumes of waste water with numerous pollutants are discharged. Since these streams of water affect the aquatic eco-system in number of ways such as depleting the dissolved oxygen content or settlement of suspended substances in anaerobic condition, a special attention needs to be paid. Thus a study on different measures which can be adopted to treat the waste water discharged from textile chemical processing industries to protect and safeguard our surroundings from possible pollution problem has been the focus point of many recent investigations. This communication highlights such studies carried out in the area of textile effluent treatment. [More]

Electrocoagulation consists of pairs of metal sheets called electrodes, that are arranged in pairs of twoanodes and cathodes. Using the principles of electrochemistry, the cathode is oxidized (loses electrons), while the water is reduced (gains electrons), thereby making the wastewater better treated. When the cathode electrode makes contact with the wastewater, the metal is emitted into the apparatus [More]

The final goal of AOPS is the complete degradation of the pollutants present in wastewater, aiming its final mineralization, yielding as final products: carbon dioxide, water and inorganic compounds. These methodologies solve the problem of the final disposal of sludge; because when they are well developed, there is no production of sludge. Obviously, not always is possible the complete mineralization of contaminates. Nevertheless, most of the times, the final products of the destruction of contaminants are harmless compared to the original ones. [More]

Mixing intensity and residence time determine whether the stated goals will be met. To determine mixing intensity define as the average shear intensity (mean velocity gradient) in the rapid-mix tank. The Camp-Stein equation is often used to compute this , however it is an equation which is based on laminar flow -- a case seldom found in rapid-mix or flocculation basins so it’s an “average” approximation. [More]

Electrocoagulation consists of pairs of metal sheets called electrodes, that are arranged in pairs of twoanodes and cathodes. Using the principles of electrochemistry, the cathode is oxidized (loses electrons), while the water is reduced (gains electrons), thereby making the wastewater better treated. When the cathode electrode makes contact with the wastewater, the metal is emitted into the apparatus [More]

Electro-oxidation (EO), also known as anodic oxidation, is a technique used for wastewater treatment, mainly for industrial effluents, and is a type of advanced oxidation process (AOP).[1] The most general layout comprises two electrodes, operating as anode and cathode, connected to a power source. When an energy input and sufficient supporting electrolyte are provided to the system, strong oxidizing species are formed, which interact with the contaminants and degrade them. The refractory compounds are thus converted into reaction intermediates and, ultimately, into water and CO2 by complete mineralization [More]

Electro-oxidation (EO), also known as anodic oxidation, is a technique used for wastewater treatment, mainly for industrial effluents, and is a type of advanced oxidation process (AOP).[1] The most general layout comprises two electrodes, operating as anode and cathode, connected to a power source. When an energy input and sufficient supporting electrolyte are provided to the system, strong oxidizing species are formed, which interact with the contaminants and degrade them. The refractory compounds are thus converted into reaction intermediates and, ultimately, into water and CO2 by complete mineralization [More]

Electrocoagulation-electroflotation (ECF) technology is a treatment process of applying electrical current to treat and flocculate contaminants without having to add coagulations. Shammas et al. stated that coagulation occurs with the current being applied, capable of removing small particles since direct current applied, setting them into motion. Also electrocoagulation could reduce residue for waste production. [More]

Electro-oxidation (EO), also known as anodic oxidation, is a technique used for wastewater treatment, mainly for industrial effluents, and is a type of advanced oxidation process (AOP).[1] The most general layout comprises two electrodes, operating as anode and cathode, connected to a power source. When an energy input and sufficient supporting electrolyte are provided to the system, strong oxidizing species are formed, which interact with the contaminants and degrade them. The refractory compounds are thus converted into reaction intermediates and, ultimately, into water and CO2 by complete mineralization [More]

Electro-oxidation (EO), also known as anodic oxidation, is a technique used for wastewater treatment, mainly for industrial effluents, and is a type of advanced oxidation process (AOP).[1] The most general layout comprises two electrodes, operating as anode and cathode, connected to a power source. When an energy input and sufficient supporting electrolyte are provided to the system, strong oxidizing species are formed, which interact with the contaminants and degrade them. The refractory compounds are thus converted into reaction intermediates and, ultimately, into water and CO2 by complete mineralization [More]